Journal: Frontiers in immunology

Article Title: QuilA-Adjuvanted T. gondii Lysate Antigens Trigger Robust Antibody and IFNγ + T Cell Responses in Pigs Leading to Reduction in Parasite DNA in Tissues Upon Challenge Infection.

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02223

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 | Kinetics of IFNγ+ T cell subsets in the control and vaccine groups upon challenge infection. (A,B) The percentage of CD4+CD8+IFNγ+ T cells and CD3−CD8+IFNγ+NK cells in TLA, Pool 1 and Pool 3 re-stimulated cells, respectively. The percentage of IFNγ+ T lymphocyte subsets is obtained by subtracting the %IFNγ+ cells following mock stimulation. ⊗= Challenge infection with T. gondii IPB LR strain. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. *1 = vaccine 1. *1 P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: PBMCs were seeded at 1 × 106 cells/well in leukocyte medium (RPMI-1640, Thermo scientific, Merelbeke, Belgium) supplemented with fetal calf serum (10%, Greiner Bio-One, Merelbeke Belgium), non-essential amino acids (100mM; Gibco), sodium pyruvate (100μg/ml), L-glutamine (292μg/ml; Gibco), penicillin (100 IU/ml; Gibco), streptomycin (100μg/ml; Gibco), and kanamycin (100μg/ml; Gibco) and were incubated with 20μg/ml pool 1, pool 3, TLA or medium for 72 h. After incubation, 1 μl GolgiPlug (BD Biosciences) was added to each well for 6 h. Then, the cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (BD Biosciences) and stained using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD3 (IgG1, clone PPT3), CD4 (IgG2b, clone 72–14-4), and CD8 (IgG2a, clone 11/295/33) and the secondary antibodies goat antimouse IgG1-PerCP-Cy5.5 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, USA), goat anti-mouse IgG2b-FITC (Southernbiotech, Birmingham, Alabama, USA) and goat anti-mouse IgG2a-Alexa Fluor 647 (ThermoFisher Scientific).

Techniques: Control, Infection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CLEC5A and TLR2 are critical in SARS-CoV-2-induced NET formation and lung inflammation

doi: 10.1101/2022.02.01.478701

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a&b) Neutrophils (4 × 10 5 /ml) from healthy donors were incubated with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 1) with or without autologous platelets (4 × 10 6 /ml) for 5 h at 37 °C. The scale bar is 10 μm. The detailed structure of SARS-CoV-2-induced NET formation was observed under a confocal microscope (Leica). NET formation was visualized by fluorescent staining of DNA (blue), histone (green), and MPO (red) (a) . NETs level was measured by MetaMorph software and presented as Cit-H3 area (mm 2 ) (b) . (c) Human neutrophils (4 × 10 5 /ml) were pretreated with anti-hCLEC5A mAb (3E12A2, 100 μg/ml), anti-TLR2 mAb (# MAB2616, 100 μg/ml), or combination of both antibodies for 30 min at room temperature, followed by incubation with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.1 and 1) in the presence or absence of platelets (4 × 10 6 /ml) for 5 h and 20 h. The level of NET formation was determined by histone area (μm 2 ). (d) Neutrophils (4 × 10 5 /ml) from WT, clec5a -/- tlr2 -/- , and clec5a -/- tlr2 -/- mice were incubated with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 1) in the presence or absence of WT platelets (4 × 10 6 /ml) for 5 h at 37 °C. (e) Human neutrophils were pre-treated with anti-hCLEC5A mAb (3E12A2, 100 μg/ml), anti-TLR2 mAb (# MAB2616, 100 μg/ml), or combination of both antibodies for 30 min at room temperature, followed by incubation with SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus (MOI = 0.1) in the presence or absence of autologous platelets (4 × 10 6 /ml) for 3 h. Data are mean ± SEM and repeats of 3 to 5 independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (Student’s t-test).

Article Snippet: For blocking assay, neutrophils were preincubated with isotype (100 μg/ml), anti-CLEC5A mAb (100 μg/ml, clone 3E12A2), anti-TLR2 mAb (100 μg/ml, R&D system), or a mixture of anti-CLEC5A mAb and anti-TLR2 mAb for 30 min at room temperature before incubation with SARS-CoV-2.

Techniques: Incubation, Microscopy, Staining, Software, Virus

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CLEC5A and TLR2 are critical in SARS-CoV-2-induced NET formation and lung inflammation

doi: 10.1101/2022.02.01.478701

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) EVs from healthy controls (HCs-EVs, n=5) and COVID-19 patients (COVID19-EVs, n=5) were harvested by ultracentrifugation, then lysed in RIPA solution before subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Proteins expressed in COVID-19 EVs, but not in HCs EVs, were further analyzed using the QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (QIAGEN IPA) software. Proteins which were expressed in all the COVID19-EVs were displayed. (b&c) HCs-EVs (n=10) and COVID19-EVs (n=10) were analyzed by flow cytometry, and markers highly activated in COVID-19 platelets were expressed as a heat map (b) or by mean fluorescence intensity (c) . (d) Neutrophils were pre-incubated with anti-CLEC5A mAb (3E12A2, 100 μg/ml), anti-TLR2 mAb (# MAB2616, 100 μg/ml), or both anti-CLEC5A mAb (3E12A2, 100 μg/ml) and anti-TLR2 mAb (# MAB2616, 100 μg/ml), for 30 min at room temperature, followed by incubation with EVs (1 μg/ml) from COVID-19 patients (n=6) at 37°C for 3 h. Data are mean ± sd and repeats of at least three independent experiments. * p <0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (Student’s t -test).

Article Snippet: For blocking assay, neutrophils were preincubated with isotype (100 μg/ml), anti-CLEC5A mAb (100 μg/ml, clone 3E12A2), anti-TLR2 mAb (100 μg/ml, R&D system), or a mixture of anti-CLEC5A mAb and anti-TLR2 mAb for 30 min at room temperature before incubation with SARS-CoV-2.

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Software, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Incubation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CLEC5A and TLR2 are critical in SARS-CoV-2-induced NET formation and lung inflammation

doi: 10.1101/2022.02.01.478701

Figure Lengend Snippet: C57BL/6 mice (WT) (n=3) and clec5a -/- tlr2 -/- mice (n=3)were inoculated with AAV-hACE2 for 14 days, followed by intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 (8 × 10 4 PFU/per mice). Tissues were collected at 3 days and 5 days post-infection. (a) The level of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured by real-time PCR and presented as fold change (compared to AAV-hACE2 uninfected mice/mock). ( b-d) NET structure and thrombus were detected by Hoechst. 33342 (blue), anti-MPO antibody (green), anti-citrullinated histone H3 (red), anti-CD42b antibody (yellow) (b) , and images were captured by a confocal microscope and subjected to determine the area of MPO (c) and CD42b (d) using MetaMorph TM software. (e) Cell infiltrated to lung. Interstitial macrophage (interstitial MΦ) was defined as CD11b + CD64 + F4/80 + cells; monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC)/macrophage (MΦ) was defined as CD11b + CD64 + Ly6C + ; Ly6C + monocyte was defined as Ly6C + . The cell number of each cell population was calculated using the multiple fluorescent staining image and analyzed by software MetaMorph TM , and the data was presented as cell number/ per 664225 (815 × 815). Scale bar is 200 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. * p <0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 (Student’s t -test).

Article Snippet: For blocking assay, neutrophils were preincubated with isotype (100 μg/ml), anti-CLEC5A mAb (100 μg/ml, clone 3E12A2), anti-TLR2 mAb (100 μg/ml, R&D system), or a mixture of anti-CLEC5A mAb and anti-TLR2 mAb for 30 min at room temperature before incubation with SARS-CoV-2.

Techniques: Infection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microscopy, Software, Derivative Assay, Staining

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Itgb3-integrin-deficient mice may not be a sufficient model for patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spleen extramedullary hematopoiesis and iron deficiency of Itgb3 −/− mice. (A) Relative ratio of each organ to whole body weight in different genotype mice. *P<0.01 vs. Itgb3 +/+ mice; ✩ P<0.01 vs. Itgb3 +/− mice. (B) Relative ratio of spleen to whole body weight in Itgb3 −/− , Itgb3 +/− , Itgb3 +/+ and CHM mice. *P<0.01 vs. Itgb3 +/+ mice; ✩ P<0.01 vs. Itgb3 +/− mice. Immunohistochemical study of spleen biopsy from Itgb3 +/+ , Itgb3 −/− mice. Anti-CD3 antibody was used to label T lymphocytes, anti-CD19 antibody to label B lymphocytes and anti-CD71 antibody to label erythrocytes. Magnification (C) ×100 and (D) ×600. (E) Concentration of plasma ferritin in Itgb3 −/− mice. (F) OD value of fecal occult blood in Itgb3 −/− mice using ELISA. CHM, chronic hemorrhagic model; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; Itgb3, integrin β3; OD, optical density; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (cat. no. MAB4841) was purchased from R&D Systems China Co., Ltd. and rat anti-transferrin R (CD71) monoclonal antibody (8D3; cat. no. NB 100-64979-0.05mg) was purchased from Novus Biologicals, LLC.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Concentration Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal:

Article Title: T cell-mediated vascular dysfunction of human allografts results from IFN-? dysregulation of NO synthase

doi: 10.1172/JCI200421767

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of allogeneic T cells on arterial graft function at 1 week in vivo. Transplanted human arterial segments were recovered from mice injected with saline (open squares) or PBMCs (filled squares) 7–9 days before harvest (n = 5 pairs from four experiments). (A–D) Response curves. Restriction response to various concentrations of PGF2α (A) and relaxation response curves for nitroprusside (B), bradykinin (C), or substance P (D) after preconstriction with PGF2α. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; #P < 0.001 vs. saline control. mN, milliNewtons. (E) Immunohistochemistry of graft sections stained for human and murine (inset) CD31, human CD45, and HLA-DR. The staining for human CD45 is indistinguishable from that for human CD3 (data not shown). Original magnification, ×200.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining was performed as described ( 14 ) using the following primary mAb’s: mouse anti–human CD31, mouse anti–human HLA-DR (α-chain), and mouse anti–human CD45 (all from DAKO Corp.); mouse anti–human CD3 (R&D Systems Inc.); mouse anti-iNOS (Transduction Laboratories); and rat anti–mouse CD31 (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Saline, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal:

Article Title: T cell-mediated vascular dysfunction of human allografts results from IFN-? dysregulation of NO synthase

doi: 10.1172/JCI200421767

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of allogeneic T cells on arterial graft function at 2 weeks in vivo. Transplanted human arterial segments were recovered from mice injected with saline (open squares) or PBMCs (filled squares) for 13–15 days (n = 4–7 pairs from four to six experiments). (A–D) Response curves. Constriction response to various concentrations of PGF2α (A) and relaxation response to bradykinin (B), nitroprusside (C), or YC-1 (D) after preconstriction with PGF2α. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; #P < 0.001 vs. saline control. (E) Immunohistochemistry of graft sections stained for human and murine (inset) CD31, human CD3, and iNOS. iNOS expression was highly localized to infiltrating T cells (arrows). Original magnification: CD31 and CD3 panels, ×200; iNOS panels, ×400.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining was performed as described ( 14 ) using the following primary mAb’s: mouse anti–human CD31, mouse anti–human HLA-DR (α-chain), and mouse anti–human CD45 (all from DAKO Corp.); mouse anti–human CD3 (R&D Systems Inc.); mouse anti-iNOS (Transduction Laboratories); and rat anti–mouse CD31 (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Saline, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Expressing

Journal:

Article Title: T cell-mediated vascular dysfunction of human allografts results from IFN-? dysregulation of NO synthase

doi: 10.1172/JCI200421767

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of IFN-γ neutralization on T cell–mediated graft dysfunction in vivo. Transplanted human arterial segments were recovered from mice injected with saline alone (open squares) or PBMCs together with anti–IFN-γ mAb (filled triangles) or control mAb (IgG2a) (open triangles) for 2 weeks (n = 5 matched triplicates from three experiments). (A and B) Endothelium-independent responses to various concentrations of PGF2α (A) and nitroprusside (B). (C and D) Endothelium-dependent response to bradykinin before (C) and after (D) treatment with L-NAME. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; #P < 0.001 vs. PBMC + IgG2a group, n = 3–5. (E) Immunohistochemistry of graft sections stained for human CD3 and HLA-DR. The luminal HLA-DR–positive cells are also human CD31–positive (data not shown). Goat anti-mouse secondary Ab alone did not stain the grafts. Original magnification: CD3 panels, ×200; HLA-DR panels, ×400. (F and G) RNA transcript levels of iNOS (F) and eNOS (G) in whole tissue sections analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining was performed as described ( 14 ) using the following primary mAb’s: mouse anti–human CD31, mouse anti–human HLA-DR (α-chain), and mouse anti–human CD45 (all from DAKO Corp.); mouse anti–human CD3 (R&D Systems Inc.); mouse anti-iNOS (Transduction Laboratories); and rat anti–mouse CD31 (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Neutralization, In Vivo, Injection, Saline, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal:

Article Title: T cell-mediated vascular dysfunction of human allografts results from IFN-? dysregulation of NO synthase

doi: 10.1172/JCI200421767

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of TNF neutralization on T cell–mediated graft dysfunction in vivo. Transplanted human arterial segments were recovered from mice injected with saline alone (open squares) or PBMCs together with anti-TNF mAb (filled triangles) or control mAb (IgG1) (open triangles) for 2 weeks (n = 4 matched triplicates from two experiments). (A–C) Concentration-dependent responses to PGF2α (A), nitroprusside (B), and bradykinin (C). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; #P < 0.001 vs. PBMC + IgG1 group; n = 3–4. (D) Immunohistochemistry of graft sections stained for human CD3 and HLA-DR. Original magnification: CD3 panels, ×200; HLA-DR panels, ×400. (E and F) RNA transcript levels of iNOS (E) and eNOS (F) in whole tissue sections analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining was performed as described ( 14 ) using the following primary mAb’s: mouse anti–human CD31, mouse anti–human HLA-DR (α-chain), and mouse anti–human CD45 (all from DAKO Corp.); mouse anti–human CD3 (R&D Systems Inc.); mouse anti-iNOS (Transduction Laboratories); and rat anti–mouse CD31 (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Neutralization, In Vivo, Injection, Saline, Control, Concentration Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 20. ImmunoPET imaging of ovarian cancers with a bispecific radiotracer 89Zr-DFO-REGN4018. (a) 89Zr-DFO-REGN4018 immu- noPET/CT imaging of humanized tumor-bearing mice showed the distribution of the tracer to the spleen (yellow arrow), lymph nodes (green arrow), and tumor (red arrow). (b) Blocking with a MUC16 parental antibody reduced the tumor uptake of 89Zr-DFO-REGN4018 without influencing the spleen and lymph node uptake. (c) Blocking with an anti-CD3 antibody substantially reduced the spleen and lymph node uptake of 89Zr-DFO-REGN4018 without influencing the tumor uptake. Reproduced with permission from ref 604. Copyright 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Article Snippet: ImmunoPET imaging with a 89Zr-labeled antimouse CD3 antibody (clone 17A2; R&D Systems) revealed a correlation between high tumor uptake of the radiotracer and better therapeutic response of anticytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) therapy in a preclinical colorectal cancer model.788 However, significant liver accumulation of the radiotracer was found on immunoPET images, which was explained as liver clearance of the radiolabeled antibody.

Techniques: Imaging, Blocking Assay

Journal: Science translational medicine

Article Title: Human pluripotent stem cell-derived erythropoietin-producing cells ameliorate renal anemia in mice.

doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaj2300

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8. Therapeutic effects of the transplantation of hiPSC- EPO–producing cells on renal anemia in adenine-treated mice. Renal anemia was in- duced using adenine treatment (50 mg/kg body weight daily for5weeks)inimmunodeficient mice (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice). Twenty aggregates of hiPSC-EPO cells (5.0 × 105 cells per aggregate) were trans- planted into the kidney sub- capsules of mice with renal anemia. (A) Hematocrit was ex- amined during the first 4 weeks after transplantation using glass capillary tubes. (B) Human EPO concentrations in mouse serum at 4 weeks after transplanta- tionweremeasuredusingELISA. (C) Hematocrit was examined for up to 28 weeks after trans- plantation. The gray shaded areas in (A) and (C) indicate the normal hematocrit range in NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice. (D) Human EPO concentrations in mouse serum after trans- plantation were measured using ELISA. (E) The hiPSC-EPO– producing cell grafts were eval- uated using immunohisto- chemistry for EPO (green), AFP (red) and ALBUMIN (red) and using H&E staining. (F) The new vasculature in the grafts derived from host mice was examined by anti-mouse CD31/ PECAM-1 immunostaining and H&E staining. (G) The human EPO concentrations in host mouse serum after phlebotomy were measured using ELISA. The data from three independent experiments are means ± SEM; n = 6 for hiPSC-EPO–producing cells and saline in (A) and (B). The data from two independent experiments are means ± SEM; n = 4 for hiPSC-EPO cells and sa- line in (C), (D), and (G). *P < 0.05 versus control; ANOVA with Bonferroni’s test (A, C, D, and G) and Student’s t test (B). Scale bars, 40 mm (E) and 20 mm (F).

Article Snippet: The samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: anti-EPO (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), AFP (Sigma-Aldrich), albumin (Bethyl Laboratories), HNF-1b (Santa Cruz 12 of 15 by guest on S eptem ber 27, 2017 http://stm .sciencem ag.org/ D ow nloaded from Biotechnology), HNF-4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), SALL4 (Abcam), GATA4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), CK19 (Dako), Ki67 (BD Biosciences), CD31 (Dianova), HIF-1a (Sigma-Aldrich), and HIF-2a (Novus Biologicals).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Capsules, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Derivative Assay, Immunostaining, Saline, Control